Green MBA

Great Websites

Note: These are suggested resources only; please exercise good judgement when using any information found on the internet! More information on evaluating internet resources.

• Staying Current with Sustainability Issues A list of links on the Green MBA website.

• BELL: The Business Ethics Links Library "Resources for Research in Business Ethics and Social Responsibility"
• Business for Social Responsibility BSR offers a large collection of online tools and guidelines on responsible business practices (most freely available but some require membership).
• Climate Change Efforts in New Hampshire Lists on-line resources for information and activities specifically related to climate change/global warming in New Hampshire. "An official New Hampshire government website."
• Corporate Responsibility Reports Links to more than 100 corporate responsibility, sustainability, global citizenship, environmental reports and more from major U.S. and international corporations.
• Dictionary of Sustainable Management “...an open dictionary for business leaders and students of sustainability and business-related terms.” (a project of the Presidio School of Management)
• E.F. Schumacher Society "Linking people, land, and community by building local economies"
• Entrepreneurship Corner From Stanford University. "2000 free videos and podcasts, featuring entrepreneurship and innovation thought leaders."
• Environmental Sustainability Index Provides access to recent sustainability index reports and data.
• Ethipedia "an online database of concrete practices adopted by organizations seeking to incorporate greater social and environmental responsibility into their operations"
• Forum on Science and Innovation for Sustainable Development “...focuses on the way in which science and innovation can be conducted and applied to meet human needs while preserving the life support systems of the planet. It highlights people and programs that are studying nature-society interactions and applying the resulting knowledge to create a sustainability transition around the world.”
• FreeEdgar Annual reports.
• Global 100 Most sustainable corporations in the world.
• GreenBiz.com “...the leading information resource on how to align environmental responsibility with business success.”
• GreenBlue “...a nonprofit institute that stimulates the creative redesign of industry by focusing the expertise of professional communities to create practical solutions, resources, and opportunities for implementing sustainability.”
• Green Maven search engine: "your gateway to the Green Web. We're a search engine that focuses on green, conscious, and sustainable websites."
• ICLEI "Local governments for sustainability."
• Lowell Center for Sustainable Production “...develops, studies, and promotes environmentally sound systems of production, healthy work environments, and economically viable work organizations.”
• Net Impact “...an international nonprofit organization whose mission is to make a positive impact on society by growing and strengthening a community of new leaders who use business to improve the world.”
• New Economics Foundation "We believe in economics as if people and the planet mattered."
• New Hampshire Businesses for Social Responsibility "Our mission is to build and support a network of businesses committed to adopting socially responsible business practices, recognizing that people, principles and profits are inseparably linked."
• SEC
• Society for Human Resource Management
• U.S. Green Building Council“...the nation's foremost coalition of leaders from every sector of the building industry working to promote buildings that are environmentally responsible, profitable and healthy places to live and work.”
• World Business Council for Sustainable Development

Books at AUNE Library

Search for books & video: Social responsibility of business

Search for books & video: Sustainable development

Search for books & video: Climate change

Search for books & video: Earth sciences

Electronic books

Earth and Environmental Sciences: Online dictionaries and encyclopedias (Oxford Reference Online)

Economics and Business: Online dictionaries and encyclopedias (Oxford Reference Online)

Select titles available full-text online in the Electronic Book Center:

• The business case for corporate social responsibility: understanding and measuring economic impacts of corporate social performance
• Corporate social responsibility as an international strategy
• Design for environmental sustainability
• Designing organizations: 21st century approaches
• Energy: supplies, sustainability and costs
• The global and the local: understanding the dialectics of business systems
• The global environment, natural resources, and economic growth
• Global practices of corporate social responsibility
• The green house: new directions in sustainable architecture
• Innovation for sustainable electricity systems: exploring the dynamics of energy transitions
• Strategies and tactics in supply chain event management
• Sustainable development and environmental management: experiences and case studies
• Sustainable energy production and consumption: benefits, strategies and environmental costing
• Sustainable energy technologies options and prospects
• Technology and vocational education for sustainable development: empowering individuals for the future

• Value-based management with corporate social responsibility

Select list of journal titles available full-text through AUNE Library databases.

Check our Journals A-Z List for dates of coverage and links to each journal.

• Business and Society
• Business Strategy and the Environment
• Corporate social-responsibility and environmental management
• Ecology and Society
• Economic Development Journal
• Environment and Behavior
• Environment and Development Economics
• Environment, Development and Sustainability
• Environmentalist
• Global Environmental Change
• Greener Management International
• Harvard Business Review
• Journal of Business Ethics
• Journal of Corporate Citizenship
• Journal of Global Information Management
• Journal of Public Policy and Marketing
• Local Environment : The International Journal of Justice and Sustainability
• Management Science

Online publications

• Environmental Leader
• Grist Environmental Journal
• Sustainability: Science, Practice, and Policy
• Sustainable Industries Journal
• Directory of Open Access Journals: Business and Economics
• Directory of Open Access Journals: Earth and Environmental Sciences

APA Tips

When in doubt, consult the Manual! (Feel free to ask your librarian too, but the Manual is the final authority!) All of the following material is based on the most current Manual (6^th edition).

Why cite?

• to give credit for someone else’s work (research, ideas, words)
• to enable your readers to find the sources you used

What should be cited?

• “Whether paraphrasing, quoting an author directly, or describing an idea that influenced your work, you must credit the source” (American Psychological Association [APA], 2010, p. 170).

How to cite

In-text citations [p. 177 in manual has chart for in-text citations]:

• Last name & date only (no initials)
• Page numbers: APA style generally does NOT require page numbers except for direct quotes from another source
  • BUT: “When paraphrasing or referring to an idea contained in another work, you are encouraged to provide a page or paragraph number, especially when it would help an interested reader locate the relevant passage in a long or complex text.” (APA, 2010, p. 174)

  In-text Citation Examples

  • It has been suggested that encouraging employees to participate in sustainability efforts can help the company (Smith, 2009).
  • Smith (2009) suggested that encouraging employees to participate…
  • Smith and Jones (2001) stated that the sky is blue (p. 374).
  • In a recent study it was demonstrated that water is wet (Johnson & Brown, 2001).

  In-text references for websites

  • If there is no author associated with material from a website, the in-text citation should use the title or a few words from the title that is used for the website on the References list. For example, (“What is a transition intitiative?” n.d., para. 2) for a website which does not list an author.
  • If you refer to a website in general, without citing specific information -- for example, mentioning that a particular website is a good source of information – you need only include the URL in the body of your paper and do not need to include it in your reference list. For example, "Sustainable Table is a great website for information on sustainable agriculture (http://www.sustainabletable.org/)."

  For complete information on in-text citation, consult Chapter 6 of the Manual, “Crediting Sources.”

The Reference List

Some basics:

• At end of your paper, start a new page titled References (centered, not bold type).
• Alphabetize the list by first word of references.
• Every reference on the list must be cited in the body of the paper. Do not include “filler” references which have not been directly cited in your paper.
  • “Each reference cited in text must appear in the reference list, and each entry in the reference list must be cited in text” (APA, 2010, p. 174)
• The first word of the title is capitalized.
• Pronouns in the title should be capitalized.
• The first word after a colon is capitalized.
  • To recap (because this frequently trips people up): only the first word of a title is capitalized unless there are pronouns or a colon in the title. For example, Information systems and global diversity not Information Systems and Global Diversity
• About including URLs, which can be long:
  • Copy and paste them whenever possible, to avoid transcription errors.
  • “Do not insert a hyphen if you need to break a URL across lines; instead, break the URL before most punctuation…Do not add a period after the URL, to prevent the impression that the period is part of the URL” (APA, p. 192).
• References should be double spaced.
• Use ‘hanging indent’ (First line of reference goes all the way to the left margin of the page; all subsequent lines are indented 3-5 spaces).
• Every document cited in your paper must be included on the reference list EXCEPT email and other personal correspondence which is considered to be ‘unrecoverable data’ (i.e., no one else would be able to access the material except you). See http://www.apastyle.org/learn/faqs/cite-individual-email.aspx on the APA FAQ site.
• For electronic documents & other online information, the date of retrieval is no longer included “unless the source material may change over time (e.g., Wikis)” (APA, 2010, p. 192).
• If you cannot find an exact example for the material you are citing, find something that is close and use that. Always err on the side of including too much information rather than not enough.
• Capitalization in titles on the Reference list:
  • The first word of the title is capitalized
  • Pronouns in the title should be capitalized
  • The first word after a colon is capitalized
  • Only the first word of a title is capitalized unless there are pronouns or a colon in the title: Information systems and global diversity not Information Systems and Global Diversity
• About including URLs, which can be long:
  • Copy and paste them whenever possible, to avoid transcription errors.
  • Do not insert a hyphen if you need to break a URL across lines; instead, break the URL before most punctuation.
  • "Do not add a period after the URL, to prevent the impression that the period is part of the URL” (APA, p. 192).

Citing Online Material

Online newspaper article  Date is the date the article was published, not the retrieval date. Italicize the name of the newspaper. Include the URL but retrieval date is not needed.

Zimmerman, E. (2011, March 2). A small business made to seem bigger. The New

York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/03/business

/smallbusiness/03sbiz.html?_r=1&src=me&ref=business

The in-text citation for the above reference would be (Zimmerman, 2011).

Material from website with no obvious date, author, or page numbers. Use (n.d.) to indicate that there was no date on the website. When the URL is too long to go on the same line, break it at a logical point (in this case after a slash); do not put a hyphen at the break or a period at the end, either of which would result in an incorrect link if it was copied & pasted into a browser. Since the material is not dated, you could include a retrieval date but it is not required.

What is a transition initiative? (n.d.) Retrieved from Transition Network website:

http://www.transitionnetwork.org/ support/what-transition-initiative

In-text citation for this material would be as follows, including a paragraph number whether it’s given or you had to determine it yourself: (“What is a transition intitiative?” n.d., para. 2).

Authored report downloaded from organization’s website. Use the actual document URL rather than the main website’s URL. Title of report is italicized.

Chorn, B., Sisco, C., & Pruzan-Jorgensen, P.M. (2010, December.) The business case

for supply chain sustainability: A brief for business leaders. Retrieved from the

BSR website: http://www.bsr.org/reports

/Beyond_Monitoring_Business_Case_Brief_Final.pdf

In-text citation for the above report would include all three author names the first time it’s cited (Chorn, Sisco, & Pruzan-Jorgensen, 2010). If the report is cited again in your document, include only the author’s first name and et.al (Chorn et al., 2010).

Company websites Major company websites often don’t have much actual information on their homepages but have links to information on other pages. Use the title and URL of the actual page you looked at. For example, the homepage of Ford Motor Company really has very little information on it; you would not list that page. Instead you would be citing the actual page on their website which provided specific information:

Ford focuses on electric vehicles. (2010, October 10). Retrieved from the Ford Motor

Company website http://corporate.ford.com/news-center/news/featured-stories

/featured-stories-detail/fs-ford-focuses-on-life-with-electrics.

Note: It is unclear whether or not the title in this case (“Ford focuses on electric vehicles”) should be italicized!

In-text citation for the above reference would be (Ford focuses on electric vehicles, 2010).

Website in general If you refer to a website in general, without citing anything specific -- for example, mentioning that a particular website is a good source of information – you need only include the URL in the body of your paper and do not need to include it in your reference list.

"Sustainable Table is a great website for information on sustainable agriculture (http://www.sustainabletable.org/)."

Interviews. APA style considers interviews to be “unrecoverable data” and therefore are not included in the reference list. If you interview the CEO of a company, you would refer to this interview in the body of your paper as a “personal communication” with the interviewee’s name and the date of the interview (same for email messages, by the way – personal communication, unrecoverable data, not included in your reference list).

"In our interview, Mr. Jones (personal communication, March 8, 2010) outlined the steps he took…"

"I interviewed the president of a local organization to find out how they worked (C. Jones, personal communication, March 8, 2010)."

Citing Books and Articles

About DOI  “DOI” stands for “digital object identifier” and is a long number assigned to most documents as a way to easily identify and access them online. This matters to you because APA style requires that you include this number as part of citations on the reference list. [If you really want to know more about DOI, check out http://www.apastyle.org/learn/faqs/what-is-doi.aspx

A journal article reference with a DOI looks like this:

Abrahams, H. (2007). Ethics in counselling research fieldwork. Counselling &

Psychotherapy Research, 7(4), 240-244. doi:10.1080/1473314070170706

How to find the DOI Most databases, like Business Source Complete, provide the DOI when one is available. Some print journals list the DOI right on the pages of the article.

If no DOI is listed  Not every document has had a DOI assigned to it. If that is the case, the APA manual stipulates the following: Either go to a website where you can look up a document’s DOI, or "provide the homepage URL of the journal or of the book or report publisher” (APA, 2010, p.191.)

Many universities have decided not to adhere to this requirement and even the APA has recognized that it may make more sense to continue using an older citation format which instead includes the name of the database from which an article was obtained (if it was obtained in a subscription database). In this case, a journal article which has no DOI and was found through one of our databases would be cited as follows:

Baumann, J. (2006). Group therapy and the treatment of eating disorders: challenges

and rewards. Group, 30(4), 279-280. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete.

[Retrieval date no longer required.]

Journal article w/ DOI

Baumgartner, R. J. (2011). Critical perspectives of sustainable development research

and practice. Journal of Cleaner Production, 19(8), 783-786.

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.01.005

Journal article w/ no DOI, retrieved from online database

Kharseh, M., & Nordell, B. (2011). Sustainable heating and cooling systems for

agriculture. International Journal of Energy Research, 35(5), 415-422. Retrieved

from Academic Search Complete.

Book, one author

Avgerou, C. (2003). Information systems and global diversity. Oxford: Oxford

University Press.

Book with an editor

Anderson, A.B. (Ed.). (1990). Alternatives to deforestation: Steps toward sustainable

use of the Amazon Rain Forest. New York: Columbia University Press.

Chapter in a book. List by chapter author and title.

Smith, C. (2010). Building a sustainable community. In A. Lincoln (Ed.), A book about

communities (pp. 144-154). New York, NY : University Press.

For complete details on Reference formatting, consult Chapter 7 of the Manual, “Reference Examples.”

Reference List Examples

These examples should cover most of the kinds of websites you are creating references for.

Entry in online encyclopedia, no author or date:

Ben & Jerry's PartnerShop Program creates opportunities for disadvantaged youth.

(n.d.). In Ethipedia.  Retrieved from http://www.ethipedia.net/len/node/1500

Report downloaded from major website in PDF format; has author & date.  Note format of date:

Herrera, T. (2011, March 28).  Software startup gives companies a "QuickStart" on

CSR reports. GreenBiz.com. Retrieved from http://www.greenbiz.com

/news/2011/03/28/software-startup-gives-companies-quickstart-csr-reports

Report downloaded in PDF format; organization as author:

World Business Council for Sustainable Development. (2011). Carbon pricing: The

role of a carbon price as a climate change policy instrument.  Retrieved from

http://www.wbcsd.org/DocRoot/LiFCiABpqBOlia8YgHp8/CarbonPricing.pdf

Article on major website:

Yeager, R. (2011, March 8). Women and sustainability: Integrating women into your

business and sustainability strategies.  Retrieved from the BSR website

http://www.bsr.org/en/our-insights/bsr-insight-article/women-

and-sustainability-integrating-women-into-your-business-and-sustainab

Online newspaper article:

Zimmerman, E. (2011, March 2). A small business made to seem bigger.  The New

York Times.  Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/03/business

/smallbusiness/03sbiz.html?_r=1&src=me&ref=business

Information for Green MBA Alumni

When you graduate from Antioch, you will no longer have access to our subscription resources or library services [alumni have limited borrowing privileges for books, but that's about it]. However, there are other ways to keep up with what's going on in your field.

Organizations

Many organizations produce literature which is freely available to anyone; membership in professional organizations usually includes subscriptions to journals and often other resources. For example,

• Net Impact has free newsletters;
• the World Business Council for Sustainable Business Development has free downloads of papers, case studies, and other types of publications as well as several free newsletters;
• members of the Project Management Institute have access to current & back issues of their journals, research assistance, and an e-book collection of 250 full text books.

Find an organization (or several) dedicated to your particular area of interest and see what they offer through their website and/or membership.

Databases

There are no really good free substitutes for the research databases & full text journal collections that students have access to. However, there are some ways to continue finding access to information.

• FindArticles.com has a huge list of magazines & journals where you can easily find abstracts and in many cases read articles in full text. Among the many journals with full text articles available at FindArticles.com include HR Magazine, The Economist, Business Economics, Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, and In Business ["a magazine for creating sustainable enterprises and communities"].
• Google Scholar tries to limit search results to citations from scholarly literature. It definitely cuts down on the number of results to wade through, and will point you to better stuff than Google. You won't often find free full text, though.
• WorldCat, library catalog to the planet, is freely available and the best place to keep up with what books are being published on any topic.

Other websites

• As a jumping-off point, you can still use the list of sites we post on your research guide here...
• ...and the Sustainability links on this page.
• The Internet Public Library is a fabulous portal to all kinds of information.
• Also keep in mind that government websites can offer a wealth of information.
  • Business.gov
  • Department of Labor
  • EPA
  • Department of Health and Human Services
  • FedStats

TOCs online and Alerts

Many if not most journals provide abstracts online for new and recent issues; and many provide free email TOC [Table of Contents] alerts. At the journal's website you can sign up to receive regular announcements of what's being published. Occasionally journals even put their most recent issue (or more) online; it's worth going to a journal's website to check out just what you can get. JournalSeek has a huge list of journals in all aspects of the various fields of business and management and links to their websites.

Open access journals

• Check out the Directory of Open Access Journals for a list of free online journals in all subject areas, including several titles on sustainability and business & management. Examples of full text titles available there are Ecology and Society; Sustainability: Science, Practice, and Policy; and Electronic Journal of Business Ethics and Organization Studies.
• There is a huge list of open-access business & related-topics journals here.
• There is a lot of other free content if you look around; for example, at the Business Week website you can find current and past articles online for free.

Google

There are ways to make Google searches more productive.

• In Advanced Search, you can limit to a sites in a particular domain -- academic (.edu), government (.gov), or organization (.org). This eliminates the ".com" junk and retrieves information from (generally speaking) more reliable sites.
• You can also limit to file type - PDF, for example, which is a way to retrieve full text results. Often what you'll get is full text book reviews or CVs but you can also find full text articles this way, as well as the full text of papers presented at conferences, bibliographies, and more.

Other tips

• Use the Interlibrary Loan service of whatever library you are affiliated with.
• Check to see what access to state university libraries your state might provide for residents.
• Blogs…judiciously and sparingly chosen!…can be great for keeping up.
  • "The Best Business Information Blogs."
  • The Internet Public Library list of business & economic blogs
  • Or try Google blog search to find one that interests you.