Managing Citations and Bibliographies

What to Cite
How to Cite
- Style manuals available in the library
- Citation guide websites
- Citing Electronic Resources (e.g., websites and online databases)
Bibliographic Management Programs: They're FREE! They'll make your life so much easier.
Plagiarism
Writing Support

What to cite

Part of any research project is providing accurate documentation for references you have used. The purpose for this is two-fold: 1) to give credit where credit is due; and 2) so that anyone wanting further information from a source you have used knows where to find it.

You must provide documentation for:

someone else's ideas
exact quotes and phrases
information obtained from interviews
re-prints of diagrams, pictures, photographs, or charts

You do not need to provide documentation for:

your own words or ideas
information that is considered to be 'common knowledge' or generally accepted facts
your own experimental results

(adapted from Purdue University's Online Writing Lab)

How to Cite

The format for your citations will depend on what type/s of sources you are citing (book, journal article, website) and the citation format or style you are following.

There are many different style guides that you can follow for citing sources. Certain disciplines favor particular citation/style guides. For example, psychology uses the APA Style, created by the American Psychological Association. In other disciplines, scholars may tailor their work to the guidelines established by a particular journal, such as Conservation Biology.

Style manuals available at AUNE

AUNE Library has print copies of the following manuals:

CBE style manual : a guide for authors, editors, and publishers in the biological sciences QH304 .C33 1983
The Chicago Manual of Style REF Z253 .U69 1982
A manual for writers of term papers, theses, and dissertations by Kate L. Turabian LB2369 .T8 1996
MLA Guide for Writers of Research Papers LB2369 .G53 1995
MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing PN147 .G444 1998
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association BF76.7 .P83 2001

Citation guide websites

General

Citation Styles (APA, MLA, Chicago, CBE)
Internet Citation Guides (University of Wisconsin, Madison, Memorial Library) Provides a gateway to web-based citation guides; arranged by citation style.
Assembling a List of Works Cited in Your Paper (Duke University Libraries)Provides sample citations for each of the major citation styles, arranged by document type.

APA

FAQ on the APA site
APA Documentation (The Writing Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison) Provides an orientation to APA style, direct links to instructions for creating parenthetical citations and a reference list, and general guidelines for writing.
Citation Styles Online: Using Principles of APA Style to Cite and Document Sources Harnack and Kleppinger, Online! A Reference Guide to Using Internet Sources. Provides guidelines and explanations for how to use APA style for documenting internet sources.

MLA

MLA Style Modern Language Association of America. From the official MLA website, this page provides answers to frequently asked questions about MLA style and citation format.
MLA Documentation The Writing Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Provides guidelines for writing parenthetical citations and creating a list of works cited using the MLA format.
Citation Styles Online: Using MLA Style to Citae and Document Sources Harnack and Kleppinger, Online! A Reference Guide to Using Internet Sources. Provides guidelines and explanations for documenting internet sources using MLA style.
Citing Government Sources using MLA Style

Chicago

Chicago/Turabian Documentation The Writing Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison. A guide offering a brief orientation to the notes system, and links to creating first references, subsequent references, and a list of works cited.
Citation Styles Online: Using Chicago Style to Cite and Document Sources Harnack and Kleppinger, Online! A Reference Guide to Using Internet Sources. Provides guidelines and explanations for documenting internet sources using Chicago style.

CBE

CBE Documentation The Writing Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison. A guide offering instructions for creating in-text citations and reference lists for both the citation-sequence and the name-year method.
Council of Biology Editors (CBE) Style of Documentation in Science and Mathematics Monroe Community College, New Guide to Writing Research Papers. Provides examples of how various kinds of publications should be cited using CBE style.
Scientific Style and Format Council of Science Editors (formerly the Council of Biology Editors). The seventh edition of Scientific Style and Format guide is currently being revised. This website provides previews of the Number Style, Citing the Internet, and Resources for Genetic and Cytogenetic Nomenclature sections.
Citation Styles Online: Using CBE Style to Cite and Document Sources Harnack and Kleppinger, Online! A Reference Guide to Using Internet Sources. Provides guidelines and explanations for how to use the CBE style for documenting internet sources.

Other citation styles

Conservation Biology Style for Authors Society for Conservation Biology. Guidelines for article submission to the journal Conservation Biology. Includes information about writing style, organization, and citing references.

Citing electronic resources

Citations for resources that are found online (websites, articles read in online databases, email, etc.) require a little extra information. Check out the following websites for proper formats for citing electronic resources.

Online! A Reference Guide to Using Internet Sources: Citation Styles Provides step-by-step instructions for citing internet sources using all of the major citation styles.
Citing Electronic Resources in Research Papers and Bibliographies Provides links to information on using various styles to cite electronic resources.

Bibliographic Management Programs

“Bibliographic management” programs keep records of your citations, organize them, and help you format citations and bibliographies properly.

Zotero is a FREE bibliographic management program, available for the Firefox browser. Zotero captures citations from databases, websites, Google Scholar, catalogs, etc., and allows you to store them in separate folders. You can use Zotero when you're writing a paper to format correct citations and bibliographies.
Current AUNE students also have access to RefWorks, a web-based bibliographic management program.

Academic Dishonesty & Plagiarism

As a community of scholar-practitioners, Antioch University New England seeks to live and promote the principles of academic integrity. Accordingly, plagiarism and other forms of academic dishonesty are causes for concern and possible disciplinary measures. To plagiarize is defined in Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary as “...to steal and pass off (the ideas and words of others) as one's own; to use (a credited production) without crediting the source; to present as new and original an idea or product from an existing source...” Plagiarism includes not only taking direct quotes from written or oral sources without citation, but paraphrasing others' ideas as well. Students found to have plagiarized or engaged in other acts of academic dishonesty may receive a no-credit for the course and be subject to other disciplinary sanctions through regular academic department and institutional procedures for misconduct. [from the Student Handbook]

For more information about plagiarism and guidelines for determining when to give credit to another person or source, visit:

Avoiding Plagiarism Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL)
Examples of Plagiarism from Princeton University

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